Internet Exploler ( .swf )

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Broadband Internet Access

Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just " broadband ", is a high data rate connection to the internet — typically contrasted with dial-up access using a 56k modem.
Dial-up modems are limited to a bitrate of less than 56 kbit/s ( kilobits per second ) and require the dedicated use of a telephone line — whereas broadband technologies supply more than double this rate and generally without disrupting telephone use.
Although various minimum bandwidths have been used in definitions of broadband, ranging up from 64 kbit/s up to 4.0 Mbit/s, the 2006 OECD report is typical by defining broadband as having download data transfer rates equal to or faster than 256 kbit/s, while the United States ( US ) Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) as of 2010, defines "Basic Broadband" as data transmission speeds of at least 4 megabits per second ( Mbps ), or 4,000,000 bits per second, downstream ( from the Internet to the user’s computer ) and 1 Mbit/s upstream (from the user’s computer to the Internet ). The trend is to raise the threshold of the broadband definition as the marketplace rolls out faster services.
Data rates are defined in terms of maximum download because network and server conditions significantly affect the maximum speeds that can be achieved and because common consumer broadband technologies such as ADSL are " asymmetric " — supporting much slower maximum upload data rate than download.
" Broadband penetration " is now treated as a key economic indicator.


                                                                                                                       Source : Wikipedia

Internet Connection Problems

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Internet Module

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Internet Explorer

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How To Use Microsoft Internet Explorer & Mozilla Firefox : Deleting Browsing History in Internet Explorer & Firefox

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Internet Uses & Tools : How to Check a Computer's Internet Speed Connection

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Internet Information Services

Internet Information Services (IIS) – formerly called Internet Information Server – is a web server application and set of feature extension modules created by Microsoft for use with Microsoft Windows. It is the most used web server after Apache HTTP Server : As of January 2011, it served 21.00% of all websites on the Internet and 16.22% of the one million busiest websites on the Internet. IIS 7.5 supports HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SMTP and NNTP. It is an integral part of Windows Server family of products, as well as all editions of Windows Vista and Windows 7, although some features are not supported on client versions of Windows. IIS is not turned on by default when Windows is installed.

The first Microsoft web server was a research project at European Microsoft Windows NT Academic Centre (EMWAC), part of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, and was distributed as freeware. However since the EMWAC server was unable to scale sufficiently to handle the volume of traffic going to microsoft.com, Microsoft was forced to develop its own webserver, IIS.

Almost every version of IIS was released either along or with a version of Microsoft Windows operating system. IIS 1.0 was initially released as a free add-on, a set of web-based services for Windows NT 3.51. However, IIS 2.0 was included with Windows NT 4.0. IIS 3.0, which was included with Service Pack 3 of Windows NT 4, introduced the Active Server Pages dynamic scripting environment. IIS 4.0 was released as part of an "Option Pack" for Windows NT 4.0 and dropped support for the Gopher protocol. IIS 5.0 shipped with Windows 2000 and introduced additional authentication methods, management enhancements including a new MMC based administration application, support for the WebDAV protocol, and enhancements to ASP IIS 5.1 shipped with Windows XP Professional, and was nearly identical to IIS 5.0 on Windows 2000 except for several limitations Microsoft introduced. IIS 5.1 supported only 10 simultaneous connections and supported only a single web site. IIS 6.0, included with Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, added support for IPv6 and included a new worker process model that increased security as well as reliability.

IIS 7.0 was a complete redesign and rewrite of IIS, which shipped with Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. IIS 7.0 included a new modular design that allowed for a lessened attack surface and increased performance. IIS 7.0 also introduced a hierarchical configuration system allowing for simpler site deploys, a new Windows Forms based management application, new command line management options, and increased support for the .NET Framework. IIS 7.0 on Vista does not limit the number of allowed connections as IIS on XP did, but limits concurrent requests to 10 (Windows Vista Ultimate, Business, and Enterprise Editions) or 3 (Vista Home Premium). Additional requests are queued, which hampers performance, but they are not rejected as with XP.

The current shipping version of IIS is IIS 7.5, included in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2. IIS 7.5 improved WebDAV and FTP modules as well as command line administration in PowerShell. It also introduced Best Practices Analyzer tool and process isolation for application pools.

a) Versions :

• IIS 1.0, Windows NT 3.51 available as a free add-on
• IIS 2.0, Windows NT 4.0
• IIS 3.0, Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 3
• IIS 4.0, Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack
• IIS 5.0, Windows 2000
• IIS 5.1, Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Media Center Edition (requires retail CD)
• IIS 6.0, Windows Server 200 and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
• IIS 7.0, Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista (Home Premium, Business, Enterprise and Ultimate editions)
• IIS 7.5, Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7

b) Security :

Earlier versions of IIS were hit with a number of vulnerabilities, chief among them CA-2001-19 which led to the infamous Code Red worm; however, both versions 6.0 and 7.0 currently have no reported issues with this specific vulnerability. In IIS 6.0 Microsoft opted to change the behaviour of pre-installed ISAPI handlers, many of which were culprits in the vulnerabilities of 4.0 and 5.0, thus reducing the attack surface of IIS. In addition, IIS 6.0 added a feature called "Web Service Extensions" that prevents IIS from launching any program without explicit permission by an administrator.

In the current release, IIS 7, the components are provided as modules so that only the required components have to be installed, thus further reducing the attack surface. In addition, security features are added such as Request Filtering, which rejects suspicious URLs based on a user-defined rule set.

By default IIS 5.1 and lower run websites in-process under the SYSTEM account, a default Windows account with 'superuser' rights. Under 6.0 all request handling processes have been brought under a Network Services account with significantly fewer privileges so that should there be a vulnerability in a feature or in custom code it won't necessarily compromise the entire system given the sandboxed environment these worker processes run in. IIS 6.0 also contained a new kernel HTTP stack (http.sys) with a stricter HTTP request parser and response cache for both static and dynamic content.

There are various built-in security features from Microsoft. Many companies offer third-party security tools and features, also known as "Web App Firewalls, or Web Application Firewalls." The advantage of such tools is that they offer much more comprehensive elements (such as easy-to-use GUI, etc.) that aid in protecting an IIS installation with an additional layer of protection at a higher level. Though no security system is ever complete, most admins choose to run an application-layer firewall and an Intrusion Prevention System.

c) Features :

IIS 7 is built on a modular architecture. Modules, also called extensions, can be added or removed individually so that only modules required for specific functionality have to be installed. IIS 7 includes native modules as part of the full installation. These modules are individual features that the server uses to process requests and include the following:

• HTTP modules – Used to perform tasks specific to HTTP in the request-processing pipeline, such as responding to information and inquiries sent in client headers, returning HTTP errors, and redirecting requests.
• Security modules – Used to perform tasks related to security in the request-processing pipeline, such as specifying authentication schemes, performing URL authorization, and filtering requests.
• Content modules – Used to perform tasks related to content in the request-processing pipeline, such as processing requests for static files, returning a default page when a client does not specify a resource in a request, and listing the contents of a directory.
• Compression modules – Used to perform tasks related to compression in the request-processing pipeline, such as compressing responses, applying Gzip compression transfer coding to responses, and performing pre-compression of static content.
• Caching modules – Used to perform tasks related to caching in the request-processing pipeline, such as storing processed information in memory on the server and using cached content in subsequent requests for the same resource.
• Logging and Diagnostics modules – Used to perform tasks related to logging and diagnostics in the request-processing pipeline, such as passing information and processing status to HTTP.sys for logging, reporting events, and tracking requests currently executing in worker processes.

IIS 5.0 and higher support the following authentication mechanisms:

• Basic access authentication
• Digest access authentication
• Integrated Windows Authentication
• .NET Passport Authentication (not supported in Windows Server 2008 and above)

IIS 7.5 includes the following additional security features:

• Client Certificate Mapping
• IP Security
• Request Filtering
• URL Authorization

Authentication changed slightly between IIS 6.0 and IIS 7, most notably in that the anonymous user which was named "IUSR_{machinename}" is a built-in account in Vista and future operating systems and named "IUSR". Notably, in IIS 7, each authentication mechanism is isolated into its own module and can be installed or uninstalled.

d) ISS Express :

IIS Express, a lightweight version of IIS, is available as a standalone freeware. It may be installed on Windows XP with Service Pack 3 and subsequent versions of Microsoft Windows. IIS 7.5 Express only supports HTTP and HTTPS protocol. IIS Express can be downloaded separately or as a part of Microsoft WebMatrix.

5) Extensions :

IIS releases new feature modules between major version releases to add new functionality. The following extensions are available for IIS 7.5:

• FTP Publishing Service – Lets Web content creators publish content securely to IIS 7 Web servers with SSL-based authentication and data transfer.
• Administration Pack – Adds administration UI support for management features in IIS 7, including ASP.NET authorization, custom errors, FastCGI configuration, and request filtering.
• Application Request Routing – Provides a proxy-based routing module that forwards HTTP requests to content servers based on HTTP headers, server variables, and load balance algorithms.
• Database Manager – Allows easy management of local and remote databases from within IIS Manager.
• Media Services – Integrates a media delivery platform with IIS to manage and administer delivery of rich media and other Web content.
• URL Rewrite Module – Provides a rule-based rewriting mechanism for changing request URLs before they are processed by the Web server.
• WebDAV – Lets Web authors publish content securely to IIS 7 Web servers, and lets Web administrators and hosters manage WebDAV settings using IIS 7 management and configuration tools.
• Web Deployment Tool – Synchronizes IIS 6.0 and IIS 7 servers, migrates an IIS 6.0 server to IIS 7, and deploys Web applications to an IIS 7 server.

Advantages of Using the Internet

There are many advantages of using the Internet, such as :

• Global Audience
  Content published on the World Wide Web is immediately available to a global audience of users. This makes the World Wide Web a very cost-effective medium to publish information. Reaching more than 190 countries.
• Operates 24 hours, 7  days  a week
  You don't need to wait until resources are available to conduct business. From a consumer's perspective as well as a provider's business can be consummated at any time. The fact that the Internet is operational at all times makes it the most efficient business machine to date.
• Relatively Inexpensive
  It is relatively inexpensive to publish information on the Internet. At a fraction of the cost to publish information by traditional methods, various organizations and individuals can now distribute information to millions of users. It costs only a few thousand dollars to establish an Internet presence and publish content on the Internet.
• Product Advertising
  You can use the World Wide Web to advertise various products. Before purchasing a product, customers will be able to look up various product specification sheets and find out additional information. You can use the multimedia capabilities of the World Wide Web to make available not only various product specification sheets but also audio files, images, and even video clips of products in action. The beauty of the Web is that it allows customers to explore products in as much detail as they desire. If the client just wants a general overview, he or she can look at the advertising information. For those wanting more in depth information, you can provide white papers and product descriptions for download. The Web allows a business to provide timely information, you can simply place the information on the Web page and it is available immediately for your customers.
• Distribute Product Catalogs
  The World Wide Web is a very effective medium for distributing product catalogs. In the old days, putting together a product catalog  used to be very costly in terms of time and money needed to publish and distribute it. The World Wide Web changes all this by allowing content developers to put together a sales catalog and make it available to  millions of users immediately. Furthermore,  unlike printed product catalogs that are usually updated around once a month, product catalogs on the World Wide Web can be updated as needed to respond to  various changing market conditions.
• Online Surveys
  Traditional methods of performing surveys are often relatively slow and expensive compared to online surveys conducted on the Internet. For example, in order to fill out various needs of customers or what they would like to see in a future product, it's often necessary to compile a list of  address and mail a questionnaire to many customers. The success of such an attempt is not always guaranteed and can be very costly in terms of mailing the questionnaires and entering responses to a databases and analyzing it. On the other hand, you can use the World Wide Web to automate the whole process. For example, you can set up a CGI script to conduct online surveys. Results of such a survey can be automatically updated to a database. This database can then be  used to keep a pulse on various opinions and needs of customers.
• Announcements
  With the World Wide Web, you can distribute various announcements to millions of user in a timely manner. Because there is virtually no time lag from the time it takes to publish information to making the information available to users, the Web is an ideal medium to publicize announcements. As more people discover the virtues of the Web and get connected to the Internet, the Web will become the medium of choice for many organizations and individuals to publicize various announcements.
• Provide Technical Support
  You can also use Web site to provide technical support to users. Because Web pages can be updated immediately with  new information, various technical support literature can be immediately modified in light of new findings and developments. This can be accomplished without having to distribute changes to all users affected by any changes using traditional mediums of information distribution, which are often quite costly compared to the World Wide Web.
• Create Online Discussion Forums
  By using applications such as WebBoard, it's possible to set up online discussion forums on the Web.
• Obtain Customer Feedback
  The interactive nature of the World Wide Web  is ideal for obtaining customer feedback. You can easily set up a CGI script to obtain customer feedback about a product or service. Because customer feedback submitted by customers can be read immediately, it's possible to respond to various customer concerns in a timely manner, increasing customer satisfaction and quality of customer service.
• Immediate Distribution of Information
  When information is added to a Web site, it's immediately available for browsing by millions of Internet users. The World Wide Web is an ideal medium of information distribution because it takes away the time lag associated with publishing content and actually making it available to users
• Easy Integration with Internal Information Systems
  Internet information systems deployed on the Internet  can be easily integrated with internal information systems managed with office productivity applications such as Microsoft Office.
• Powerful Content Publishing Tools
  A new breed of Internet aware applications will start emerging in software stores by the time you read this. These applications will enable users to develop content for the World Wide Web by simply saving as an HTML file. In addition to software developers making existing applications Internet aware, various new, powerful, and easy-to use Internet content publishing applications are also being developed. These applications will make the task of publishing content on the Internet even easier. Most of these applications are developed for  Windows users.
• Multimedia
  The capability to incorporate multimedia into Web pages is a major advantage of using World Wide Web to publish information. For example, many Web sites use sounds and video clips to make the content easier and more interesting to browse.
• Formatting Capabilities
  Content published on the World Wide Web can be richly formatted by using various HTML tags and graphic formats. The capability to do this is a major reason for the success of the World Wide Web. In addition to using HTML tags and various multimedia formats in Web pages, various interactive controls can also be added to a web page. This capability allows Web  site content developers to create "active" Web sites. For example, before a user sends some information to a Web server for processing, a VBScript or JavaScript subroutine can be used to verify  information typed in by the user. Various formatting capabilities,  along with technologies such as Java and VBScript, make the World Wide Web a richly interactive medium that you can use to distribute information to millions of users.

Evaluating Information Found on the Internet

The World Wide Web offers information and data from all over the world. Because so much information is available, and because that information can appear to be fairly “anonymous”, it is necessary to develop skills to evaluate what you find. When you use a research or academic library, the books, journals and other resources have already been evaluated by scholars, publishers and librarians. Every resource you find has been evaluated in one way or another before you ever see it. When you are using the World Wide Web, none of this applies. There are no filters. Because anyone can write a Web page, documents of the widest range of quality, written by authors of the widest range of authority, are available on an even playing field. Excellent resources reside along side the most dubious. The Internet epitomizes the concept of Caveat lector: Let the reader beware. This document discusses the criteria by which scholars in most fields evaluate print information, and shows how the same criteria can be used to assess information found on the Internet.